List of Particles
All particles are either fermions or bosons.
Fermions. (half-integer spin 1/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc.) Matter is made of fermions. Fermions obey the exclusion principle; fermions in the same state cannot be in the same place at the same time.
Bosons. (integer spin 0, 1, 2, etc.) Forces are carried by bosons with non-zero spin. Bosons do not obey the exclusion principle; bosons in the same state can be in the same place at the same time.
Particles (Standard Model)
This is a list of all the particles in the current standard model of particle physics plus the graviton [predicted].
Elementary particles
Elementary Fermions
Quarks. (spin 1/2) The protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom are made of quarks. There are six types or "flavors" or quarks: down, up, strange, charm, bottom, and top. Each comes in three "color" charges: red, green, and blue.
Leptons. (spin 1/2)
Electron and its two heavier sisters, the muon and tau. Atoms have a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Neutrinos, the electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino. Lightweight and weakly interacting.
Elementary Bosons
Graviton. (spin 2) Gravitons [predicted] carry the gravity force.
Gluon. (spin 1) Gluons carry the strong force, also called the nuclear force or color force. The strong force holds quarks together.
W± and Z bosons. (spin 1) W± and Z bosons carry the weak force. The weak force is responsible for radioactivity.
Photon. (spin 1) Photons carry the eletromagnetic force. Photons are particles of light. Light is an electromagnetic wave.
Higgs boson. (spin 0) The Higgs boson is an excitation the Higgs field. The Higgs field gives other particles their inertial mass.
Electroweak W and B bosons. (spin 1) W1, W2, W3, and B bosons carry the electroweak force. When the electroweak force split into the electromagnetic and weak forces, the W1, W2, W3, B, and Higgs remixed to make W±, Z, photon, and Higgs.
Composite particles
Composite particles (hadrons) are composed of other particles.
Baryons. (spin 1/2, 3/2) Baryons are fermions composed of three quarks. The most important baryons are the two nucleons: the proton (up-up-down quarks) and the neutron (up-down-down quarks). Some other baryons are the sigma, lambda, xi, delta, and omega-minus.
Mesons. (spin 0, 1) Mesons are bosons composed of a quark and antiquark. Some mesons are the pion, kaon, eta, rho, omega, and phi.
Antiparticles
All particles have a corresponding anti-particle that is identical in many ways but opposite in others; for example, the mass and spin are the same but the charge is opposite. An uncharged particle may be its own anti-particle.
See my graphical Particles chart (PDF).
See also Wikipedia's list of particles, list of hypothetical particles, and list of quasiparticles.